How to Perform CRUD Operations using React, Node.js, and MongoDB

Here are the steps to create a CRUD application in React.js:

Step 1: Install React Application

npx create-react-app reactcrud
cd reactcrud
npm start

If you are facing any issues with compiling, please create a .env file on the root and add the following line of code.

SKIP_PREFLIGHT_CHECK=true

Go to this URL: http://localhost:3000/

Install the Bootstrap 4 Framework using the following command.

yarn add bootstrap

# or

npm install bootstrap --save

Import the Bootstrap CSS Framework inside our project.

Modify the code inside the src >> App.js file.

// App.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css';

class App extends Component {
 render() {
  return (
    <div className="container">
      <h2>React CRUD Tutorial</h2>
    </div>
  );
 }
}

export default App;

Save the file and go to the browser, and you can see that we have successfully integrated Bootstrap 4 into our React application.

Step 2: Configure React routing

Type the following command to install the react-router-dom module. If you want to find more information about the react-router-dom module, then you can follow this documentation.

yarn add react-router-dom

# or

npm install react-router-dom --save

Go to the index.js file and Wrap the BrowserRouter object around the App.js component.

// index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';

import App from './App';
import * as serviceWorker from './serviceWorker';

ReactDOM.render(
 <BrowserRouter>
   <App />
 </BrowserRouter>, document.getElementById('root'));

serviceWorker.unregister();

Now, create three components.

Create one directory called components inside the src folder, and inside that folder, make three components.

1. create.component.js
2. edit.component.js
3. index.component.js

// create.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class Create extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <p>Welcome to Create Component!!</p>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

// edit.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class Edit extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <p>Welcome to Edit Component!!</p>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

// index.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class Index extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <p>Welcome to Index Component!!</p>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

Now, add the navigation bar in our React CRUD example. Then, write the following code inside the App.js file.

// App.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

import Create from './components/create.component';
import Edit from './components/edit.component';
import Index from './components/index.component';

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router>
        <div className="container">
          <nav className="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
            <Link to={'/'} className="navbar-brand">React CRUD Example</Link>
            <div className="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
              <ul className="navbar-nav mr-auto">
              <li className="nav-item">
                  <Link to={'/'} className="nav-link">Home</Link>
                </li>
                <li className="nav-item">
                  <Link to={'/create'} className="nav-link">Create</Link>
                </li>
                <li className="nav-item">
                  <Link to={'/index'} className="nav-link">Index</Link>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </nav> <br/>
          <h2>Welcome to React CRUD Tutorial</h2> <br/>
          <Switch>
              <Route exact path='/create' component={ Create } />
              <Route path='/edit/:id' component={ Edit } />
              <Route path='/index' component={ Index } />
          </Switch>
        </div>
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

Save the file and go to the browser.

Step 3: Create the bootstrap form

Write the code to generate the bootstrap form inside the create.component.js file.

// create.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class Create extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div style={{marginTop: 10}}>
                <h3>Add New Business</h3>
                <form>
                    <div className="form-group">
                        <label>Add Person Name:  </label>
                        <input type="text" className="form-control"/>
                    </div>
                    <div className="form-group">
                        <label>Add Business Name: </label>
                        <input type="text" className="form-control"/>
                    </div>
                    <div className="form-group">
                        <label>Add GST Number: </label>
                        <input type="text" className="form-control"/>
                    </div>
                    <div className="form-group">
                        <input type="submit" value="Register Business" className="btn btn-primary"/>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

Step 4: Submit the Form

We have three fields.

1. person name
2. business name
3. gst number

So we need to create four functions that can track the values of the textbox and set that state according to it. Also, the fourth function will send the POST request to the node express server.

First, we will define the constructor and set the initial state, then bind this to the different events inside the constructor.

Then define the different functions with each input text value. So when the user types inside the textbox, we set the state according to it.

So, let’s say the user is typing the person’s name inside the textbox; we are changing the state value of the person’s name. Then, finally, the same for all of the inputs, and when we submit the form, we get the values from the state and send them to the POST request.

// App.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class Create extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
      super(props);
      this.onChangePersonName = this.onChangePersonName.bind(this);
      this.onChangeBusinessName = this.onChangeBusinessName.bind(this);
      this.onChangeGstNumber = this.onChangeGstNumber.bind(this);
      this.onSubmit = this.onSubmit.bind(this);

      this.state = {
          person_name: '',
          business_name: '',
          business_gst_number:''
      }
  }
  onChangePersonName(e) {
    this.setState({
      person_name: e.target.value
    });
  }
  onChangeBusinessName(e) {
    this.setState({
      business_name: e.target.value
    })  
  }
  onChangeGstNumber(e) {
    this.setState({
      business_gst_number: e.target.value
    })
  }

  onSubmit(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    console.log(`The values are ${this.state.person_name}, ${this.state.business_name}, and ${this.state.business_gst_number}`)
    this.setState({
      person_name: '',
      business_name: '',
      business_gst_number: ''
    })
  }
 
  render() {
      return (
          <div style={{ marginTop: 10 }}>
              <h3>Add New Business</h3>
              <form onSubmit={this.onSubmit}>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label>Person Name:  </label>
                      <input 
                        type="text" 
                        className="form-control" 
                        value={this.state.person_name}
                        onChange={this.onChangePersonName}
                        />
                  </div>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label>Business Name: </label>
                      <input type="text" 
                        className="form-control"
                        value={this.state.business_name}
                        onChange={this.onChangeBusinessName}
                        />
                  </div>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label>GST Number: </label>
                      <input type="text" 
                        className="form-control"
                        value={this.state.business_gst_number}
                        onChange={this.onChangeGstNumber}
                        />
                  </div>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <input type="submit" value="Register Business" className="btn btn-primary"/>
                  </div>
              </form>
          </div>
      )
  }
}

Step 5: Create a backend on Node.js

We will create a backend API in Node, Express, and MongoDB. Inside our reactcrud project root, create one folder called api and go inside that folder and initialize the package.json file.

npm init -y

Install the following node.js dependencies.

yarn add express body-parser cors mongoose

# or

npm install express body-parser cors mongoose --save

Also, install the nodemon as a development dependency. So that we do not need to restart every time we change our server code.

npm install nodemon --save-dev

Inside the api folder, create one file called the server.js and add the following code.

// server.js

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const PORT = 4000;
const cors = require('cors');

app.use(cors());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: true}));
app.use(bodyParser.json());

app.listen(PORT, function(){
  console.log('Server is running on Port:',PORT);
});

Save the file, open a new tab terminal inside the api folder, and hit the following command to spin up the node.js server.

nodemon server

You can see inside the terminal that our node.js server is running.

Step 6: Setup a MongoDB database

If you are a beginner in the MongoDB database, please check out the tutorial below.

I have already installed MongoDB on Mac. So I am starting the MongoDB server by the following command.

mongod

Inside the api folder, create one file called DB.js and add the following line of code.

// DB.js

module.exports = {
  DB: 'mongodb://localhost:27017/reactcrud'
}

In my local MongoDB database, the username and password are empty, but in the production, you need to create one admin user and assign the database to that user.

Import this DB.js file into the server.js file.

// server.js

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const PORT = 4000;
const cors = require('cors');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const config = require('./DB.js');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect(config.DB, { useNewUrlParser: true }).then(
  () => {console.log('Database is connected') },
  err => { console.log('Can not connect to the database'+ err)}
);

app.use(cors());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: true}));
app.use(bodyParser.json());

app.listen(PORT, function(){
  console.log('Server is running on Port:',PORT);
});

Save the file, and you can see inside the terminal that our node.js application is connected to a MongoDB database.

Step 7: Create a Mongoose Schema

The next step is to create a schema for the MongoDB database. For that, create a file inside the api project root called business.model.js and add the following code.

// business.model.js

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

// Define collection and schema for Business
let Business = new Schema({
  person_name: {
    type: String
  },
  business_name: {
    type: String
  },
  business_gst_number: {
    type: Number
  }
},{
    collection: 'business'
});

module.exports = mongoose.model('Business', Business);

We have taken three fields, person_name, business_name, and business_gst_number, with their data types.

Step 8: Define the route for the Node.js Express application

Write the CRUD code inside the business.route.js file.

// business.route.js

const express = require('express');
const businessRoutes = express.Router();

// Require Business model in our routes module
let Business = require('./business.model');

// Defined store route
businessRoutes.route('/add').post(function (req, res) {
  let business = new Business(req.body);
  business.save()
    .then(business => {
      res.status(200).json({'business': 'business in added successfully'});
    })
    .catch(err => {
    res.status(400).send("unable to save to database");
    });
});

// Defined get data(index or listing) route
businessRoutes.route('/').get(function (req, res) {
    Business.find(function(err, businesses){
    if(err){
      console.log(err);
    }
    else {
      res.json(businesses);
    }
  });
});

// Defined edit route
businessRoutes.route('/edit/:id').get(function (req, res) {
  let id = req.params.id;
  Business.findById(id, function (err, business){
      res.json(business);
  });
});

//  Defined update route
businessRoutes.route('/update/:id').post(function (req, res) {
    Business.findById(req.params.id, function(err, business) {
    if (!business)
      res.status(404).send("data is not found");
    else {
        business.person_name = req.body.person_name;
        business.business_name = req.body.business_name;
        business.business_gst_number = req.body.business_gst_number;

        business.save().then(business => {
          res.json('Update complete');
      })
      .catch(err => {
            res.status(400).send("unable to update the database");
      });
    }
  });
});

// Defined delete | remove | destroy route
businessRoutes.route('/delete/:id').get(function (req, res) {
    Business.findByIdAndRemove({_id: req.params.id}, function(err, business){
        if(err) res.json(err);
        else res.json('Successfully removed');
    });
});

module.exports = businessRoutes;

Here, we have defined the CRUD operations for MongoDB. So when the request hits the server, it maps the URI, and according to URI, the above function will be executed, and a database operation will be performed and send the response to the client.

We have used a Mongoose ORM to save, update, and delete the data from the database. Mongoose is an ORM used in the MongoDB database. We have all the CRUD operations on the route file; we must import them inside the server.js file.

So, our final server.js file looks like this.

// server.js

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const PORT = 4000;
const cors = require('cors');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const config = require('./DB.js');
const businessRoute = require('./business.route');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect(config.DB, { useNewUrlParser: true }).then(
  () => {console.log('Database is connected') },
  err => { console.log('Can not connect to the database'+ err)}
);

app.use(cors());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: true}));
app.use(bodyParser.json());

app.use('/business', businessRoute);

app.listen(PORT, function(){
  console.log('Server is running on Port:',PORT);
});

Save the file and see the terminal and check if we got any errors.

Step 9: Install the Axios library and send a POST request.

Install the Axios library and send the POST request.

yarn add axios

# or

npm install axios --save

Send the HTTP POST request and the form data to the node js server. We will send the data as an object because we have used the body parser at the backend to pluck the data from the request and save it in the database.

Write the following code inside the create.component.js file.

// create.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';

export default class Create extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.onChangePersonName = this.onChangePersonName.bind(this);
    this.onChangeBusinessName = this.onChangeBusinessName.bind(this);
    this.onChangeGstNumber = this.onChangeGstNumber.bind(this);
    this.onSubmit = this.onSubmit.bind(this);

    this.state = {
      person_name: '',
      business_name: '',
      business_gst_number:''
    }
  }
  onChangePersonName(e) {
    this.setState({
      person_name: e.target.value
    });
  }
  onChangeBusinessName(e) {
    this.setState({
      business_name: e.target.value
    })  
  }
  onChangeGstNumber(e) {
    this.setState({
      business_gst_number: e.target.value
    })
  }

  onSubmit(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    const obj = {
      person_name: this.state.person_name,
      business_name: this.state.business_name,
      business_gst_number: this.state.business_gst_number
    };
    axios.post('http://localhost:4000/business/add', obj)
        .then(res => console.log(res.data));
    
    this.setState({
      person_name: '',
      business_name: '',
      business_gst_number: ''
    })
  }
 
  render() {
    return (
        <div style={{ marginTop: 10 }}>
            <h3>Add New Business</h3>
            <form onSubmit={this.onSubmit}>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <label>Person Name:  </label>
                    <input 
                      type="text" 
                      className="form-control" 
                      value={this.state.person_name}
                      onChange={this.onChangePersonName}
                      />
                </div>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <label>Business Name: </label>
                    <input type="text" 
                      className="form-control"
                      value={this.state.business_name}
                      onChange={this.onChangeBusinessName}
                      />
                </div>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <label>GST Number: </label>
                    <input type="text" 
                      className="form-control"
                      value={this.state.business_gst_number}
                      onChange={this.onChangeGstNumber}
                      />
                </div>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <input type="submit" value="Register Business" className="btn btn-primary"/>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    )
  }
}

Now, submit the form with proper values, open your browser console panel, and see the response.

Also, now check inside the MongoDB database and see the values.

To see the values inside the database, we can start a Mongo shell and look at the values in the database.

So, we can see that our data has been added successfully.

Step 10: How to display data in React js

// index.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
import TableRow from './TableRow';

export default class Index extends Component {

  constructor(props) {
      super(props);
      this.state = {business: []};
    }
    componentDidMount(){
      axios.get('http://localhost:4000/business')
        .then(response => {
          this.setState({ business: response.data });
        })
        .catch(function (error) {
          console.log(error);
        })
    }
    tabRow(){
      return this.state.business.map(function(object, i){
          return <TableRow obj={object} key={i} />;
      });
    }

    render() {
      return (
        <div>
          <h3 align="center">Business List</h3>
          <table className="table table-striped" style={{ marginTop: 20 }}>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>Person</th>
                <th>Business</th>
                <th>GST Number</th>
                <th colSpan="2">Action</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              { this.tabRow() }
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
      );
    }
  }

So, here, we have sent the GET request to the node.js server and fetched that data from an API.

We have imported the TableRow.js component. So let us create that component. Then, inside the components folder, create one more component called TableRow.js and add the following code.

// TableRow.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

class TableRow extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
        <tr>
          <td>
            {this.props.obj.person_name}
          </td>
          <td>
            {this.props.obj.business_name}
          </td>
          <td>
            {this.props.obj.business_gst_number}
          </td>
          <td>
            <button className="btn btn-primary">Edit</button>
          </td>
          <td>
            <button className="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
          </td>
        </tr>
    );
  }
}

export default TableRow;

This component is responsible for displaying the row data fetched from the backend.

Save the file, go to the browser, and see this URL: http://localhost:3000/index.

Step 11: Edit and Update Functionality in React js

First, add the Link to the TableRow.js file.

// TableRow.js

import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';

<Link to={"/edit/"+this.props.obj._id} className="btn btn-primary">Edit</Link>

Add the following code to the edit.component.js file.

// edit.component.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';

export default class Edit extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.onChangePersonName = this.onChangePersonName.bind(this);
    this.onChangeBusinessName = this.onChangeBusinessName.bind(this);
    this.onChangeGstNumber = this.onChangeGstNumber.bind(this);
    this.onSubmit = this.onSubmit.bind(this);

    this.state = {
      person_name: '',
      business_name: '',
      business_gst_number:''
    }
  }

  componentDidMount() {
      axios.get('http://localhost:4000/business/edit/'+this.props.match.params.id)
          .then(response => {
              this.setState({ 
                person_name: response.data.person_name, 
                business_name: response.data.business_name,
                business_gst_number: response.data.business_gst_number });
          })
          .catch(function (error) {
              console.log(error);
          })
    }

  onChangePersonName(e) {
    this.setState({
      person_name: e.target.value
    });
  }
  onChangeBusinessName(e) {
    this.setState({
      business_name: e.target.value
    })  
  }
  onChangeGstNumber(e) {
    this.setState({
      business_gst_number: e.target.value
    })
  }

  onSubmit(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    const obj = {
      person_name: this.state.person_name,
      business_name: this.state.business_name,
      business_gst_number: this.state.business_gst_number
    };
    axios.post('http://localhost:4000/business/update/'+this.props.match.params.id, obj)
        .then(res => console.log(res.data));
    
    this.props.history.push('/index');
  }
 
  render() {
    return (
        <div style={{ marginTop: 10 }}>
            <h3 align="center">Update Business</h3>
            <form onSubmit={this.onSubmit}>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <label>Person Name:  </label>
                    <input 
                      type="text" 
                      className="form-control" 
                      value={this.state.person_name}
                      onChange={this.onChangePersonName}
                      />
                </div>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <label>Business Name: </label>
                    <input type="text" 
                      className="form-control"
                      value={this.state.business_name}
                      onChange={this.onChangeBusinessName}
                      />
                </div>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <label>GST Number: </label>
                    <input type="text" 
                      className="form-control"
                      value={this.state.business_gst_number}
                      onChange={this.onChangeGstNumber}
                      />
                </div>
                <div className="form-group">
                    <input type="submit" 
                      value="Update Business" 
                      className="btn btn-primary"/>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    )
  }
}

So, what we have done is we have used the component lifecycle method to fetch the data from the API.

That data must be displayed inside the textbox because this is an edit form. Next, it is the same thing as we have written the code in the create.component.js file.

Save the file and go to the edit page from the index or listing page. If the data is not displayed, please check that you have the running node.js server on the backend.

We have also written the code that will update the data because we have written the function to send the request to the node.js server and update the data based on the ID.

Step 12: Delete operation in React

Now, the only thing remaining is to delete the data. First, define the delete function inside the TableRow.js file.

// TableRow.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
import axios from 'axios';

class TableRow extends Component {

  constructor(props) {
        super(props);
        this.delete = this.delete.bind(this);
    }
    delete() {
        axios.get('http://localhost:4000/business/delete/'+this.props.obj._id)
            .then(console.log('Deleted'))
            .catch(err => console.log(err))
    }
  render() {
    return (
        <tr>
          <td>
            {this.props.obj.person_name}
          </td>
          <td>
            {this.props.obj.business_name}
          </td>
          <td>
            {this.props.obj.business_gst_number}
          </td>
          <td>
            <Link to={"/edit/"+this.props.obj._id} className="btn btn-primary">Edit</Link>
          </td>
          <td>
            <button onClick={this.delete} className="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
          </td>
        </tr>
    );
  }
}

export default TableRow;

Github Code

That’s it.

Krunal

Krunal Lathiya is a seasoned Computer Science expert with over eight years in the tech industry. He boasts deep knowledge in Data Science and Machine Learning. Versed in Python, JavaScript, PHP, R, and Golang. Skilled in frameworks like Angular and React and platforms such as Node.js. His expertise spans both front-end and back-end development. His proficiency in the Python language stands as a testament to his versatility and commitment to the craft.