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Python String upper() method is used to convert all characters in a string into uppercase characters and returns it. This method doesn’t modify the original string. Instead, it returns a new string. Syntax string.upper() Parameters This method doesn’t take any parameters. Return Value It returns a new string where all the characters are in uppercase. If … Read more
AttributeError:’list’ object has no attribute ‘astype’ error occurs because you try to operate the “astype” method on the list object instead of the numpy array object. The astype() method is associated with NumPy arrays and is used to change the data type of the elements in the array. Overview of the error and solution Reproduce … Read more
Python Set union() method returns a new set with unique elements from all the sets. The result will contain only one item’s appearance if the element is present in more than one set. For example, if A = {2,5,7} and B = {1,2,5,8} are two sets, then the Union of these two sets will be AUB={1,2,5,7,8}, though … Read more
Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is a standard way to measure the error of a model in predicting quantitative data. RMSE in Machine Learning is used to calculate the transformation between values predicted by a model and actual values. Using RMSE, we can easily find the difference between a model parameter’s estimated and actual values. … Read more
Linear Regression in Machine Learning is a statistical analysis used to predict the relationship between two variables. It is a supervised machine learning algorithm with a continuous predicted output and constant slope. You can use Linear Regression to predict values within a continuous range rather than classifying them. In simpler words, Imagine you have a … Read more
When working with a large, real-time dataset, it is filled with Null, NaN, or missing values, and you need to handle those values to create an accurate machine-learning model. One such method to handle null values in the dataset is the isnull() method provided by Pandas. Pandas DataFrame isnull() Pandas DataFrame isnull() method is “used … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘clear’ error occurs when you are running Python version below 3.3. Reproduce the error Assuming that you are using Python version below 3.3. new_list = [1, 2, 3] print(new_list) new_list.clear() print(new_list) Output AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘clear’ How to fix the error? To fix the error, … Read more
Pandas DataFrame mean() method “returns the mean of the values for the requested axis.” Applying the mean() method on a Pandas series object returns a scalar value. Syntax DataFrame.mean(axis=None, skipna=None, level=None, numeric_only=None, **kwargs) Parameters axis: Axis for the method to be applied. skipna: Exclude NA/None values when computing the result. level: If the axis is the MultiIndex, … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘toarray’ error occurs when you try to use the toarray() method on the list object but the method does not exist. Reproduce the error list = [1, 2, 3] dense_array = list.toarray() print(dense_array) Output How to fix the error? To fix the AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘toarray’ … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘reshape’ error occurs when you try to operate the reshape() method on the list object, but it does not exist on the list. You can use the reshape() attribute on the numpy object. Reproduce the error main_list = [21, 11, 19, 46] main_list.rehsape(3, 2) Output How to fix … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘click’ error occurs when you are trying to call the click method on a list object but lists do not have a method named click. Reproduce the error from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Implicit wait driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) # URL launch driver.get(“https://appdividend.com”) # Identify an element m … Read more
AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘send_keys’ error occurs when you accidently use the send_keys method on a list object instead of a Selenium WebElement object. Visual Representation of the error and its solution Incorrect way elements = driver.find_elements_by_id(“some_id”) elements.send_keys(“some text”) This will cause the AttributeError. Correct way # Correct way element = driver.find_element_by_id(“some_id”) # Note: … Read more
AttributeError: ‘list’ object has no attribute ‘update’ error occurs when you try to operate the update() method on the list object, which does not exist. Reproduce the error numbers = [1, 2, 3] numbers.update(4) print(numbers) Output How to fix the error? Here are three ways to fix the error. Using the list.append() Using the list.extend() … Read more
Pandas read_csv() function provides a straightforward way to read data from a CSV file and convert it into a DataFrame. Syntax pd.read_csv(filepath_or_buffer, sep=’ ,’ , header=’infer’, index_col=None, usecols=None, engine=None, skiprows=None, nrows=None) Parameters sep or delimiter: Specifies the delimiter used to separate fields in the CSV file (default is ,). header: Indicates the row number(s) to … Read more
AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘keys’ error occurs when you try to use a keys() method or attribute on a string object, but it does not exist. When an error occurs? Here are two scenarios where the AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘keys’ error occurs. Treating a string as a dictionary Converting a … Read more
AttributeError: ‘file’ object has no attribute ‘buffer’ error occurs when you are trying to access the buffer attribute on a file object, but this attribute might not be available. The main reason for the error is that the buffer attribute is available for file objects in Python 3 but not in Python 2. If you … Read more
AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘Serial’ error occurs when you accidently install the “serial” library instead of the “pyserial” library. The main reason for the error is that the pyserial package might not be installed appropriately. The correct package for serial communication in Python is pyserial, not serial. How to fix the error To … Read more
Sentiment analysis is a popular NLP (Natural Language Processing) operation with many applications, from analyzing customer reviews to gauging public sentiment on social media. Text classification, also known as text tagging or text categorization, is the process of categorizing text into organized groups. Using NLP, text classifiers can automatically analyze text and assign pre-defined tags … Read more
To check “if not null” with Laravel Eloquent, you can use the whereNotNull() method. The equivalent to the IS NOT NULL condition in Laravel Eloquent is the whereNotNull() method that allows us to verify if a specific column’s value is not NULL. For instance, let’s say you have a products table, and you want to … Read more
Laravel: PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected ‘?’ in /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php on line 500 error occurs when you are using an older version of PHP. The main reason for the error is that the “?” character is used in PHP for null coalescing (??), and it is a part of nullable type hints. Both features were … Read more
Here are three ways to format currency in Laravel. Using PHP’s number_format() Using Laravel’s Localization Using third-party package Diagram Method 1: Using PHP’s number_format() Laravel Framework is built upon PHP language, so you can format currency using PHP’s number_format() function. To properly integrate number_format(), you need to register the function in AppServiceProvider.php like this: <?php … Read more
This reminds me of when I was working on an outdated Laravel project and needed to upgrade the Laravel and related dependencies. To upgrade the dependencies, I encountered this error: “Composer update memory limit”. The memory limit error occurs during a composer update (or other Composer commands) because Composer can sometimes require a lot of … Read more
To comment in the .env file, use the “hash(#) symbol”. The interpreter interprets anything written after the hash # symbol as a comment in .env files. For example, laravel’s env file looks like this: APP_NAME=Laravel APP_ENV=local APP_KEY=base64:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx APP_DEBUG=true We can add comments on separate lines by starting the line with a “hash # symbol.” # … Read more
You encounter the Laravel PackageManifest.php: Undefined index: name error when Laravel tries to read the composer.json of installed packages but encounters a package that doesn’t have the expected “name” key. How to fix the error? Here are three approved solutions that you can use to fix the error. The simple fix for the error is … Read more
Could not open input file: artisan error occurs in Laravel when you run the artisan command outside the project’s root directory. The artisan file should be located in the root directory. To fix the error, ensure you are in the root directory of your Laravel project when running the artisan command. Common reasons and solutions Here … Read more
Here are four ways to check if a record exists with Laravel Eloquent. Using the exists() Method Using the first() or firstOrFail() Methods Using the count() Method Using the find() Method Method 1: Using the exists() Method The easiest way to check if a record exists in Laravel is to use the exists() method. The exists() … Read more
An error Unchecked runtime.lastError: The message port closed before a response was received occurs from Chrome browser extensions when a background process or script in a browser extension did not respond in time or was terminated before it could complete its task. The issue occurred when I was using Vue.js and Laravel for my project. … Read more
To rollback a specific migration in Laravel, “pass the –step argument to the migrate:rollback command.” Here’s how to rollback the last batch of migrations by one step: Navigate to your Laravel project root directory. Run the following command: php artisan migrate:rollback –step=1 The –step option allows you to specify how many batches of migrations you … Read more
In Laravel Eloquent, you can chain multiple where clauses together to create a query with multiple conditions. Each where clause you append will be treated as an AND condition. Here’s a basic example of how you can do this: $users = User::where(‘age’, ‘>=’, 18) ->where(‘account_type’, ‘=’, ‘premium’) ->where(‘status’, ‘=’, ‘active’) ->get(); This would generate a … Read more
Here is the step-by-step guide to remove a package from Laravel using Composer. Remove the package declaration from the composer.json file (in the “require” section). Use the “composer remove” command. Remove Service Provider from app/config/app.php file. Remove any Class Aliases from the app/config/app.php file. Run migrations (if necessary). Clear cached configurations. Check for remaining references. … Read more
AttributeError: ‘bytes’ object has no attribute ‘encode’” error occurs when you are trying to “call the encode() method on a bytes object but it is already encoded.” Reproduce the error s = “Hello” b = s.encode(“utf-8”) b.encode(“utf-8”) print(b) Output AttributeError: ‘bytes’ object has no attribute ‘encode’ How to fix it? Here are two ways to … Read more
AttributeError: ‘bytes’ object has no attribute ‘seek’ error occurs when you try to “call the seek() method on a bytes object, but it does not exist.” Why the error occurs Here are two reasons for the error. When you use the seek() method on a raw bytes object, which doesn’t support it. You mistakenly thought … Read more
AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘urlencode’ error occurs because, in Python 3, “urlencode has been moved to the urllib.parse module.” How to fix it? To fix the AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘urlencode’ error, you should import urlencode from urllib.parse module. For Python 3 The urlencode has been moved to the urllib.parse module. … Read more
AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘urlopen’ error occurs when you are trying to “use urlopen from the urllib module in Python 3.” How to fix it? To fix the AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘urlopen’ error, import urlopen from the urllib.request module in Python 3. To use urlopen in Python 3, you should … Read more
AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘urlretrieve’ error occurs when you try to use the urlretrieve method from Python’s urllib library but haven’t imported it correctly. There are two main reasons for the error. Not importing urlretrieve from the correct module in Python 3. Using Python 2 (where the structure of urllib was different). How … Read more
AttributeError: module ‘importlib’ has no attribute ‘util’ error occurs when you “upgraded from Fedora 32 to Fedora 33 (which comes with Python 3.9) and gcloud stopped working!” How to fix it? To fix the AttributeError: module ‘importlib’ has no attribute ‘util’ error, “update gcloud sdk to the latest version.” To update to the latest version, … Read more
AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘misc’ error occurs because the “misc submodule was deprecated and has been removed in later versions of scipy.” Reproduce the error import scipy.misc #Load the Lena image into an array, (yes scipy does have a lena function) lena = scipy.misc.lena() Output AttributeError: scipy.misc is deprecated and has no attribute lena. … Read more
To fix the AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘SSL_ST_INIT’ error, “update the pyopenssl package.” AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘SSL_ST_INIT’ error occurs in Python when you are “using an older version of OpenSSL library.” The main reason for the error suggests that the version of the OpenSSL library you are using doesn’t recognize … Read more
To fix the AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘SSLContext’ error, “upgrade your Python version to the latest version.” AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘SSLContext’ error occurs when you are trying to access the SSLContext attribute of a Python module, but that attribute does not exist because you are using an older version of … Read more
AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘SIFT’ error typically occurs when “you are trying to access the SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) attribute from a module, but it’s not found.” The main reason for the error is that the OpenCV library, as SIFT (and some other algorithms) was moved out of the main OpenCV library due … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘_jvm’ error typically occurs when working with Apache Spark through Python using PySpark library. This error typically means that the SparkContext or SparkSession has not been properly initialized or stopped, and a subsequent operation tries to access it. How to fix it? Here are two ways to fix … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘datetime.datetime’ object has no attribute ‘timestamp’ error occurs when you are trying to “use the timestamp() method on a datetime object in Python versions older than 3.3.” The timestamp() method was introduced in Python 3.3. How to fix the error Here are two ways to fix the AttributeError: ‘datetime.datetime’ object has no attribute … Read more
Diagram ValueError: NaTType does not support utcoffset error occurs in Python when “you try to set the utcoffset property of a NaTType object.” A NaTType object is a particular datetime object representing a missing date or time. It does not have a timezone, so it does not have a utcoffset property. NaT is used to … Read more
Diagram TypeError: can’t convert np.ndarray of type numpy.object_ error occurs when trying to “perform an operation that requires a specific data type, but your ndarray is of type numpy.object_.” The numpy.object_ data type is a generic data type that can hold any Python object and is incompatible with operations requiring numeric types. Reproduce the error … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘NaTType’ object has no attribute ‘isna’ error occurs when you are trying to “call the isna() method on an object of type NaTType, which is the data type for pandas Not a Time value (NaT).” “NaT” (for date/time types) and “NaN” are not the same. How to fix it? To fix the AttributeError: … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘sc’ error occurs when you are trying to “access an attribute of an object that is of type None.” None is a special value in Python that represents the absence of a value. This is a common error in Python when an operation or function call was expected … Read more
AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow’ has no attribute ‘global_variables_initializer’ error occurs when you try to “access tf.global_variables_initializer() directly from the tensorflow module rather than from the tf.compat.v1 module.” Diagram How to fix the error Here are the ways to fix the AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow’ has no attribute ‘global_variables_initializer’ error: Using TensorFlow 1.x Compatibility Mode Updating your code … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow’ has no attribute ‘logging’ error occurs when you try to “use the TensorFlow logging module, but the system does not recognize it.” The tensorflow.logging module has been removed in recent versions of TensorFlow (2.x). Common reasons Here are the common reasons for the error to occur: You are using an “outdated … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow’ has no attribute ‘feature_column’ error occurs when you try to “use the feature_column module in TensorFlow, but TensorFlow is unable to find the module.” Common reasons for the error Verify your TensorFlow Installation: You might not have TensorFlow installed in your environment. Incorrect TensorFlow Import: You might have improperly imported TensorFlow … Read more
Diagram AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow._api.v2.train’ has no attribute ‘GradientDescentOptimizer’ error typically occurs when you are trying to “use GradientDescentOptimizer from TensorFlow’s train module, but this class is not available in TensorFlow 2.x under that name and module path.” In TensorFlow 2.x, optimizers are generally available in the tf.keras.optimizers module instead of tf.train. How to fix AttributeError: … Read more
