The Python math module is a built-in standard library component that implements mathematical calculations in projects.
The math module deals with floating-point numbers. If you need to work with complex numbers, use the cmath module.
To use mathematical functions under this module, you must import the module using import math.
Syntax
import math
Example
import math
print(math.sqrt(100)); # Calculate the square root
Output
10.0
Here’s an overview of constants and methods in the math module:
Math Constants
Constants | Description |
math.pi | Returns PI (3.14159…) |
math.e | Returns Euler’s number (2.7182…) |
math.nan | Returns a floating-point “Not a Number” (NaN) value |
math.inf | Returns floating-point positive infinity. (Use -math.inf for negative infinity.) |
math.tau | Returns tau which is approximately 6.283185307179586 |
Example
import math
print('The value of PI:',math.pi)
print ('The value of e:',math.e)
Output
The value of PI: 3.141592653589793
The value of e: 2.718281828459045
Math Methods
Function | Description |
---|---|
ceil(x) | Returns the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x. |
copysign(x, y) | Returns x with a sign of y |
fabs(x) | Returns the absolute value of x |
factorial(x) | Returns the factorial of x |
floor(x) | Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x |
fmod(x, y) | Returns a remainder when x is divided by y |
frexp(x) | Returns a mantissa and exponent of x as the pair (m, e) |
fsum(iterable) | Returns the accurate floating-point sum of values in the iterable |
isfinite(x) | Returns True if x is neither infinity nor a NaN (Not a Number) |
isinf(x) | Returns True if x is the positive or negative infinity |
isnan(x) | Returns True if x is the NaN |
ldexp(x, i) | Returns x * (2**i) |
modf(x) | Returns fractional and integer parts of x |
trunc(x) | Returns a truncated integer value of x |
exp(x) | Returns e**x |
expm1(x) | Returns e**x – 1 |
log(x[, base]) | Returns the logarithm of x to the base (defaults to e) |
log1p(x) | Returns the natural logarithm of 1+x |
log2(x) | Returns the base-2 logarithm of x |
log10(x) | Returns the base-10 logarithm of x |
pow(x, y) | Returns x raised to the power y |
sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x |
acos(x) | Returns the arc cosine of x |
asin(x) | Returns the arc sine of x |
atan(x) | Returns the arc tangent of x |
atan2(y, x) | Returns atan(y / x) |
cos(x) | Returns the cosine of x |
hypot(x, y) | Returns the Euclidean norm, sqrt(x*x + y*y) |
sin(x) | Returns the sine of x |
tan(x) | Returns the tangent of x |
degrees(x) | Converts angle x from radians to degrees |
radians(x) | Converts angle x from degrees to radians |
acosh(x) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x |
asinh(x) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of x |
atanh(x) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x |
cosh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x |
sinh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x |
tanh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x |
erf(x) | Returns the error function at x |
erfc(x) | Returns the complementary error function at x |
gamma(x) | Returns the Gamma function at x |
lgamma(x) | Returns the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the Gamma function at x |
Example
import math
print(math.factorial(5)); # Calculate the factorial
Output
120
That’s it for this tutorial.