np.logical_not: What is Numpy logical_not() in Python

Numpy logical_not() method computes the truth value of NOT x element-wise.

np.logical_not

The np.logical_not() is a numpy library function that calculates the result of NOT ai for every element of an array and returns the result in the form of an array. The logical_not() function computes the truth value of NOT arr element-wise.

Syntax

numpy.logical_not(arr1, out=None, where=True, dtype=None)

Parameter(s)

1. arr1: Input array_like containing elements ai.
2. out: (ndarray, None, or tuple of ndarray) [Optional parameter] It specifies an alternate output array in which the resulting product is placed. This must have the same or broadcastable shape as the expected output.
3. where: (array_like) [Optional parameter] Where True, the positions where the operator is applied. Where False, these are the positions to be left alone in the output array.
4. dtype: [Optional parameter] It specifies the type of the returned array.

Return Value

The element-wise logical NOT result in the form of an array.

See the following figure.

Note:

1. If the input array is blank, this method returns an empty array.
2. This method can print the truth table of the logical, not operator.
3. This method can be used with complex numbers as well.

Consider the following examples:

Example 1

The following example demonstrates the use of this method and establishes the truth table for the logical not operator.

import numpy as np

arr1 = [0, 1]
arr2 = np.logical_not(arr1)
print(arr2)

arr3 = [False, True]
arr4 = np.logical_not(arr3)
print(arr4)

Output

[ True False]
[ True False]

Example 2

The following example demonstrates the case where an array element is a complex number.

import numpy as np

arr1 = [3+4j, 0]
arr2 = np.logical_not(arr1)
print(arr2)

Output

[False  True]

Example 3

The following example demonstrates the case where an empty array is passed.

import numpy as np

arr1 = []
arr2 = np.logical_not(arr1)
print(arr2)

Output

[]

Example 4

The following example demonstrates the use of the where parameter.

import numpy as np

arr1 = [0, 1, 0, 1, 1]
arr2 = np.logical_not(arr1, where=[True, False, True, False, True])
print(arr2)

Output

[ True False  True False False]

Example 5

The following example demonstrates the case where dtype is to specify the data type of the elements.

import numpy as np

arr1 = [0, 0, 1, 1]
arr2 = np.logical_not(arr1, dtype=np.bool)
print(arr2.dtype == np.bool)
print(arr2.dtype == np.int)

Output

True
False

Example 6

The following example demonstrates the application of this method in a simple programming context.

In a test with a maximum of 5 marks, anyone who scores a zero must be detained. Then, given the students’ marks in the form of an array, find which students are detained.

import numpy as np

n = int(input("Count: "))
numbers = []

for i in range(n):
    numbers.append(int(input()))

detained_arr = np.logical_not(numbers)

print("Detained: ", detained_arr)

Output

Count: 5
0
1
2
0
1
Detained:  [ True False False  True False]

Test Case 2:
Count: 4
0
0
0 
0
Detained:  [ True  True  True  True]

See also

Numpy logical_and()

Numpy cbrt()

Numpy greater_equal()

Numpy prod()

Numpy square()