If you have an online shopping website. Customers visit the website and provide the necessary information while creating the login account. Each customer provides a few compulsory information such as first name, last name, phone number, email address, and residential address. Each customer is different, so you cannot expect a similar format for all inputs.
SQL UPPER() Function
SQL UPPER() is a built-in function used to convert all the characters in the source string to Uppercase characters. If any number is present in the string, then it remains unaffected. SQL UPPER() function converts a string to the upper-case.
For example, you get the following entries in an SQL table.
We do not see all words following a consistent pattern.
It does not look good if you have to share the report daily with higher management for all newly enrolled customers.
The SQL UPPER function converts all the letters in a string into uppercase. If you want to convert the string to lowercase, you use the LOWER function instead.
Syntax
SELECT UPPER (String);
Parameters
String: The source string whose characters must be replaced with Uppercase characters. It can be any literal character string, variable, character expression, or table column.
Example
Query 1
SELECT UPPER (‘AppDividend.Com’);
Output
APPDIVIDEND.COM
Query 2
SELECT UPPER (‘sql123sql’);
Output
SQL123SQL
As discussed above, numbers remain unaffected by the UPPER() function.
Let’s apply the UPPER function to a table.
Table: Employee
| Emp_id | Emp_name | City | State | Salary |
| 101 | Rohit | Patna | Bihar | 30000 |
| 201 | Shivam | Jalandhar | Punjab | 20000 |
| 301 | Karan | Allahabad | Uttar Pradesh | 40000 |
| 401 | Suraj | Kolkata | West Bengal | 60000 |
| 501 | Akash | Vizag | Andhra Pradesh | 70000 |
Suppose we want to change the characters of the City of each employee to Uppercase, then the following query has to be written.
Query 3
SELECT Emp_name, City, UPPER (City) AS UPPER_CITY from Employee;
Output
| Emp_name | City | UPPER_CITY |
| Rohit | Patna | PATNA |
| Shivam | Jalandhar | JALANDHAR |
| Karan | Allahabad | ALLAHABAD |
| Suraj | Kolkata | KOLKATA |
| Akash | Vizag | VIZAG |
As you can see above, the name of the City is converted to Uppercase characters.
MySQL UPPER() Function
In MySQL, the UPPER() function converts a string to upper-case.
Syntax
UPPER(text)
In this syntax, the text parameter can be a literal character string, variable, character string expression, or table column.
SQL Server UPPER() Function
The UPPER() function converts an input string into uppercase.
Syntax
The following shows the syntax of the UPPER() function:
UPPER(string)
In this syntax, the string parameter can be a literal character string, variable, character string expression, or table column.
The type of string must be implicitly convertible to VARCHAR. Otherwise, you must use the CAST() function to convert the string explicitly.
SQL Server UPPER() function returns the uppercase form of the input string.
Using the UPPER() function with literal strings
See the following query.
SELECT
UPPER('appdividend') result;
See the output.
result APPDIVIDEND
That’s it for this tutorial.
